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ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖꯔ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ

 

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯃꯗꯤ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯗꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖꯔ ꯐꯤꯜꯗꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯅꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯤ꯫ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯛꯁꯟ, ꯌꯣꯅꯕꯥ, ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯏꯛꯌꯨꯏꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯔꯤꯆ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯤꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯟꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯁ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

 
 
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯧꯍꯅꯕꯥ

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯟꯗ.ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ, ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯄꯨꯡ ꯲꯴ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯲꯴{1}}ꯄꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯄꯤꯗ ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯁ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯁꯦꯂꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯐꯇꯔ-ꯁꯦꯂꯁ ꯇꯤꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯟꯁ .

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ - ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯁ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯣꯜ - ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯟꯇꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯇꯔꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯅꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

 

ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯇꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯄꯦꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯃꯥꯔꯛ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ, ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯇꯦꯛ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯔꯞꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ, ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯄꯦꯇꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.꯹꯰꯰꯱ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.꯱꯴꯰꯰꯱ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫

 

ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ

 
 
01
 

ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ .

ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯔꯄꯥꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ{0}}ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯦꯚꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

 
02
 

ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ

ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

 
03
 

ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡ

ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

Gasketed Plate Heat Exchanger best

 

Spiral Wound Tube Heat Exchanger

 

ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯃꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.

ꯌꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯜ ꯍꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯝꯕꯤ ꯕꯣꯏꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯐꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯦꯇꯔꯗꯥꯁꯨ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ, ꯀꯨꯂꯔ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

 

ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤꯁꯨ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯤꯝꯃꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫

 

ꯀꯥꯔꯒꯣ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯐꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯕꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯐꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯂꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

 

ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ .

ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯁꯟ, ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ, ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯔꯤꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯔꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫

 

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯃꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

 

ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ

ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯟꯁ ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯚꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯁꯕꯃꯦꯔꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯛꯂꯤꯌꯔ ꯁꯕꯃꯦꯔꯤꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯂꯁꯟ ꯃꯣꯇꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯨꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

 

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ .

 

ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯴.

ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ

ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ

꯴ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦ.(꯴꯰ ꯕꯥꯔ) ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ .

-꯲꯵ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ~ ꯲꯰꯰ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ

ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯇꯥꯏꯇꯅꯤꯌꯝ, ꯳꯱꯶ꯑꯦꯜ, ꯍꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯏ ꯁꯤ ꯲꯷꯶, ꯗꯨꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯲꯲꯰꯵

ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯡ (ansi/din/jis),ꯑꯕ꯭ꯕꯥꯔ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯂꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ, ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ, ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ

ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ

ꯁꯤ.ꯏ., ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.

 

ꯄꯤꯊꯣꯛꯄ

 

ꯌꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯥꯏꯇꯦꯝ

ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯄꯦꯀꯦꯖ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ

꯱꯰꯰.꯰꯰ꯁꯦ.ꯃꯤ. * ꯷꯰.꯰꯰ꯁꯦ.ꯃꯤ.* ꯱꯲꯰.꯰꯰ꯁꯦ.ꯃꯤ.

ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ ꯑꯣꯖꯟ .

꯳꯵꯰.꯰꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯀꯦ.ꯖꯤ.

 

ꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯝ

 

ꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯁꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

1 - 1

2 - 5

6 - 10

> 10

ꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯝ (ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ)

7

10

15

ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ .

 

ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ .
 
 

ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯒꯣ ꯑꯃꯥ .

(ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ: ꯱ ꯁꯦꯠ)

 
 
 

ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯀꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ

(ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ: ꯱ ꯁꯦꯠ)

 
 
 

ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

(ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ: ꯱ ꯁꯦꯠ)

 

 

 

ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ:

 

ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯁꯛꯁꯟ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯛꯁꯟ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯦꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯅꯦꯇꯔꯒꯤ 1/2ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

 

ꯀꯨꯂꯔꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯨꯌꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯑꯥꯎꯠꯂꯦꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯅꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯏꯅꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯎꯇꯂꯦꯠ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯂꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯂꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯠꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ;

 

ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ:pt(british),rc(japan),zg(China ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ) ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

 

ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯨꯂꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯉ꯭ꯀꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ .

 

ꯀꯨꯂꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯔꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯩ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ DC ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ{1}}ꯐꯦꯖ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯂꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯔꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ (ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯔꯣ) ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

 

 

ꯄꯦꯀꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯄꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ

ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯄꯦꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯅꯒꯤ ꯕꯣꯛꯁꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ,ꯂꯧꯎ-ꯁꯤꯡꯎꯒꯤ ꯕꯣꯛꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯨꯃꯖꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ,ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯤ.ꯏ.

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯕꯤ.ꯇꯤ.

productcate-672-261

 

 

ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ.

ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯀꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯎ: ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯇꯦꯡꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯏ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯁꯦꯚꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯎ-ꯁꯤꯡꯎꯒꯤ ꯕꯣꯛꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ . ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯊꯣꯔꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯗ ꯕꯣꯛꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯇꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯎ: ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯤ/ꯇꯤ ꯳꯰%, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯷꯰%꯫ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯀꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯎ: ꯇꯦꯡꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯏ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯁꯦꯚꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯔꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯗꯦꯂꯤꯕꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯎ: ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯟꯁ ꯄꯦꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯎ: ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯇꯦꯡꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯏ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯁꯦꯚꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯏꯪꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯄꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯔꯤꯕꯔꯥ?

ꯎ: ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯗꯦꯂꯤꯕꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯱꯰꯰% ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖꯔ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯉꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯁ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯇꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫